Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative killing kinetics of CLP-4. S. mutans UA159 cultures at a cell density of 6 × 105 CFU/ml were challenged with 5, 10, and 25 μg/ml CLP-4 under conditions of active growth in CDM supplemented with 0.5% (wt/vol) glucose (A) and against growth-arrested cells in CDM lacking any carbon source (B). Samples at time zero were enumerated prior to peptide treatment. Data shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques:

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: CLP-4 prevents S. mutans biofilm formation. (A) Biofilms inoculated with 2 × 107 CFU/ml were grown for 24 h in the presence of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin at concentrations ranging between 0.6× and 2× their respective MICs. Biofilm formation was quantified using crystal violet staining and expressed in percentage relative to untreated control. Shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Corresponding growth curve kinetics showing the MIC of CLP-4 on S. mutans UA159.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CLP-4 on preformed biofilms. S. mutans UA159 biofilms were established for 24 h and then treated with increasing concentrations (1× to 10× the MIC) of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin. (A) Antibiofilm activities were assessed by quantifying the cell viability of treated biofilms by colony enumeration on agar plates. The means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments are shown. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Biofilms treated with 10× the MICs for each antimicrobial were fluorescently labeled using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability stain and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Shown are the top-down three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering of biofilms at a total magnification of ×400. Bottom images represent optical planes in the xz, and vertical thin images represent yz dimensions. Membrane-compromised bacteria are stained red with propidium iodide, while intact bacteria are stained green with SYTO 9. Areas highlighted by dashed lines indicate regions of interest (ROIs) viewed at a higher magnification. Dimensions shown are 387.5 μm by 387.5 μm by 16 μm. (C) ROIs are presented at ×2,300 magnification. Dimensions shown are 68.1 μm by 68.1 μm by 16 μm.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: Control, Labeling, Staining, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Membrane, Bacteria

Journal: NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes

Article Title: Berberine chloride hydrate impairs Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation via inhibiting sortase A activity

doi: 10.1038/s41522-025-00756-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Effect of BH on S. mutans free-floating bacterial cells by OD 600 measurement. B Effects of BH on living S. mutans free-floating bacterial cells by CFU counts. C Effects of BH on S. mutans biofilm formation on culture plates detected by crystal violet staining. D Effects of BH on metabolic activity of pre-established S. mutans biofilm on culture plates. E Effects of BH on living cells within S. mutans pre-established biofilm on culture plates by CFU counts. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610) and S. mutans SrtA deletion mutant (△ srtA ) were already used and stored within the laboratory.

Techniques: Staining, Activity Assay

Journal: NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes

Article Title: Berberine chloride hydrate impairs Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation via inhibiting sortase A activity

doi: 10.1038/s41522-025-00756-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative SEM images of S. mutans biofilms on the bovine enamel. B Representative CLSM images of S. mutans biofilms on the bovine enamel. C The proportion of dead bacteria with live bacteria within the biofilms ( n = 9). D Quantitative measurement of total biomass in the biofilms ( n = 9). * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610) and S. mutans SrtA deletion mutant (△ srtA ) were already used and stored within the laboratory.

Techniques: Bacteria

Journal: NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes

Article Title: Berberine chloride hydrate impairs Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation via inhibiting sortase A activity

doi: 10.1038/s41522-025-00756-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: A TEM images of amyloid fibrils in △ srtA biofilms and S. mutans biofilms with or without BH treatment. Red arrows indicate amyloid fibrils. B Quantification of srtA and spaP mRNA expression levels in bacterial cells within biofilms treated with BH using qRT-PCR. C Fluorescence intensity of biofilms was used to record the influence of BH on amyloid fibrils. D Representative images of △ srtA biofilms and S. mutans biofilms with or without BH treatment imaged by CLSM. E The total biomass within the biofilms. F The thickness of the biofilms. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610) and S. mutans SrtA deletion mutant (△ srtA ) were already used and stored within the laboratory.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Fluorescence

Journal:

Article Title: Invasion and Killing of Human Endothelial Cells by Viridans Group Streptococci

doi: 10.1128/IAI.71.5.2365-2372.2003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial species and strains used in this study and their invasion of HUVEC monolayers

Article Snippet: Streptococcus gordonii strain CH1 (Challis) was chosen as the paradigm for most of the experiments reported here because it is virulent in the rat model of infection ( 59 ), several adhesion-deficient mutants were available for comparison ( 14 , 39 , 40 ), and it produces large amounts of the alpha-hemolysin (hydrogen peroxide) ( 3 , 4 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 Bacterium Description Source or reference HUVEC invasion a S. gordonii DL1 (Challis) Wild-type reference strain 52 17 ± 5 EM230 DL1 hsa :: ermAM 52 4 ± 2 OB219 DL1 sspA ′ sspB ′:: ermAM 14 20 ± 4 OB220 DL1 sspA :: ermAM 14 19 ± 6 OB235 DL1 cshA3 :: ermAM 40 2 ± 0.4 OB271 DL1 cshB2 :: ermAM 40 2 ± 1 OB277 DL1 cshA31 :: cat cshB2 :: ermAM 40 2 ± 0.6 CH1 (Challis) Wild-type reference strain 59 82 ± 15 AMS12 CH1 with 1.7-kb Hin d fragment of gtfG replaced with lacZ /Erm r 59 14 ± 0.5 M5 Wild type from human dental plaque 28 5 ± 2.5 S. sanguis L22 Wild type from human dental plaque 28 76 ± 11 L52 Wild type from human dental plaque 28 9 ± 2 L74 Wild type from human dental plaque 28 52 ± 8 L79 Wild type from human dental plaque 28 14 ± 5 133-79 Wild type from human endocarditis 28 21 ± 5 2017-78 Wild type from human endocarditis 28 25 ± 3 10556 Wild type from human endocarditis ATCC 98 ± 18 S. oralis KS32AR Wild type from dental plaque 8 9 ± 8 16532AR Wild type from dental plaque 8 3 ± 2 S. mitis NCTC 10712 Wild type from dental plaque 8 23 ± 6 OP51 Wild type from dental plaque 8 35 ± 9 S. mutans UA159 Wild type from dental plaque 60 26 ± 7 S. salivarius 13419 Wild type from human saliva ATCC 2 ± 1 E. coli HB101 Hybrid of strains K-12 and B, transformable strain 7 <0.01 Open in a separate window a Average number of intracellular bacteria (× 10 4 ) per HUVEC monolayer ± standard deviation of the mean ( n = 6). b ATCC, American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Streptococcus mutans copes with heat stress by multiple transcriptional regulons modulating virulence and energy metabolism

doi: 10.1038/srep12929

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ). Amount of significantly up- and/or down-regulated genes within different heat shock (42 °C) durations. ( b ). Transcriptional patterns of S. mutans that had been exposed to heat stress showing clear divergence as determined by principle component analysis (PCA). ( c ). Validation of microarray data by q RT-PCR. The expression of eight genes were validated by q RT-PCR (n ≥ 3, *P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: In addition, we further examined the expression of these genes in another S. mutans strain (ATCC 55677 TM ) by q RT-PCR.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Microarray, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Streptococcus mutans copes with heat stress by multiple transcriptional regulons modulating virulence and energy metabolism

doi: 10.1038/srep12929

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ). Representative images of S. mutans (live: green; dead: red) grown on the glass surface after 2 h and 4 h incubation at 37 °C and 42 °C, respectively. ( b ). Quantitative analyses of coverage area (μm 2 ) of S. mutans grown on the glass surface. ( c ). Representative SEM images from 6 h S. mutans biofilms at 37 °C versus 42 °C. ( d ). Representative confocal laser scanning microscopy images of EPS (red) produced by S. mutans UA159 and its gtf- mutants (green) under heat stress. ( e ). Quantitative analyses of normalized EPS (EPS/bacteria) produced by S. mutans UA159 and its gtf- mutants. Data were obtained from an average of three independent experiments and shown as mean ± standard deviation. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with 37 °C controls at corresponding time points. N.S.: no significant difference.

Article Snippet: In addition, we further examined the expression of these genes in another S. mutans strain (ATCC 55677 TM ) by q RT-PCR.

Techniques: Incubation, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Produced, Bacteria, Standard Deviation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Streptococcus mutans copes with heat stress by multiple transcriptional regulons modulating virulence and energy metabolism

doi: 10.1038/srep12929

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ). Time-course of intracellular ATP level of S. mutans incubated at 37 °C versus 42 °C. ( b ). Glycolysis-induced pH drop by S. mutans grown in sucrose-rich medium incubated at 37 °C versus 42 °C. ( c ). Quantification of lactic acid generated by S. mutans incubated at 37 °C versus 42 °C. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviations (n = 3). *P < 0.05 level compared with 37 °C controls at corresponding time points.

Article Snippet: In addition, we further examined the expression of these genes in another S. mutans strain (ATCC 55677 TM ) by q RT-PCR.

Techniques: Incubation, Generated